There are basically 3 types of microphones for recording:
- Condenser microphones: These microphones have a diaphragm which contains a very thin plastic film mounted on a back plate. Electricity runs through this diaphragm, which comes from an external power supply (phantom power). The diaphragm and the back plate, separated by a small gap, form an electrical component called capacitor (also known as “condenser”). The diaphragm is very sensitive to sound waves, so when it moves, it creates electrical signals. This is why condenser microphones are so sensitive and accurate, and need phantom power to operate. Example of a Condenser Microphone: AKG P120.
- Dynamic microphones: A speaker that works in reverse. It has a diaphragm that responds to air pressure, and translates that into electric signals. It does not need phantom power. Example of a Dynamic Microphone: Shure SM 57.
- Ribbon microphones: a different type of dynamic microphone. A thin, corrugated strip of metal (called “ribbon”) is suspended between two magnetic poles and acts as a diaphragm. As air passes through the microphone, the ribbon moves and creates a voltage (signal). Example of a Ribbon Microphone: Coles 4038 Ribbon Microphone.
